TR(True Range)為波動實值,其算法為取以下三值中的最大一值,如下: 1、為當日最高價減去當日最低價。
2、∣Ht-C(t-1)∣ 為當日最高價減去前一日收盤價的絕對值。
3、∣C(t-1)-Lt∣為前一日收盤價減去當日最低價絕對值。
公式TR=MAX(Ht-Lt,∣Ht-C(t-1)∣,∣C(t-1)-Lt∣)
可簡化為 TR=MAX(H,L,前日收)-MIN(H,L,前日收)
再計算 TR(14):起始值計算比照DM(14)之計算方式,取前14根做平均數。
當日TR(14)=前一日TR14*(13/14) + 今日TR*(1/14)
以上為合併DM值與TR值之呈現:
然後算出DI值
+DI(14)=+DM(14)/ TR(14) * 100
-DI(14)=-DM(14)/ TR(14) * 100
如果+DI(14)為36,代表上攻力道中有36﹪的價格變動是真實有效的,如果-DI(14)為20,代表下殺力道中有20價格變動是真實有效跌破的。而真實有效的值才可列入ADX的計算。
例:以下列五個圖形來論,不論圖形之1、3、4之TR值都是相同的,因為前一根K棒收盤被這一根K棒高低點包住,所以若+DM相同,其對+DI的貢獻度是一樣的;較不同的應是1與2的比較,一般來說圖形2是從空頭直接拉上來的,感覺好像是比較強,可是在+DI的解釋反而是較小的(因為分子+DM一樣、但圖2之TR值比圖1大,分母大、值就小),代表圖2之後較易盤整,也就是急速轉折後勢易盤;而下列對DI貢獻最大的為圖5,表示開高走高在多頭的意義也是最大的,也就是創新高的能力會直接反應在此指標上。
最後算出DX及ADX ADX(趨向平均線)是用來判別14日內價格變動趨勢的明顯度,計算如下:
1、先取DX值:DX=∣(+DI 14)- (-DI14)∣/ ((+DI14)+ (-DI14))。
再取ADX值:起始值計算比照DM(14)之計算方式,取前14根做平均數。
當日ADX(14)=前一日ADX*(13/14) + 今日DX*(1/14)
2、ADX向上,表示價格變動的趨勢力量愈大,亦愈有可能產生連續行情,反之若向下,通常伴隨著是橫向整理。
ADX愈大、代表目前市場上潛藏的動能愈強,任何方向皆可能有波段產生。
以下為一真實的歷史資料庫試算,給有興趣的投資人參考:
日期 | 最高 | 最低 | 收盤 | +DM | -DM | 真+DM | 真-DM | 真+DM14 | 真-DM14 | TR | TR14 | +DI | -DI | DX | ADX14 |
2006/10/18 | 7057 | 6976 | 7025 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2006/10/19 | 7033 | 6961 | 6981 | -24 | 15 | 0 | 15 | | | 72 | | | | | |
2006/10/20 | 7026 | 6997 | 7017 | -7 | -36 | 0 | 0 | | | 45 | | | | | |
2006/10/23 | 7050 | 6977 | 7049 | 24 | 20 | 24 | 0 | | | 73 | | | | | |
2006/10/24 | 7120 | 7058 | 7097 | 70 | -81 | 70 | 0 | | | 71 | | | | | |
2006/10/25 | 7105 | 7060 | 7060 | -15 | -2 | 0 | 0 | | | 45 | | | | | |
2006/10/26 | 7125 | 7072 | 7093 | 20 | -12 | 20 | 0 | | | 65 | | | | | |
2006/10/27 | 7130 | 7077 | 7093 | 5 | -5 | 5 | 0 | | | 53 | | | | | |
2006/10/30 | 7035 | 6976 | 6981 | -95 | 101 | 0 | 101 | | | 117 | | | | | |
2006/10/31 | 7009 | 6966 | 7002 | -26 | 10 | 0 | 10 | | | 43 | | | | | |
2006/11/1 | 7025 | 6992 | 7003 | 16 | -26 | 16 | 0 | | | 33 | | | | | |
2006/11/2 | 7072 | 6956 | 7063 | 47 | 36 | 47 | 0 | | | 116 | | | | | |
2006/11/3 | 7179 | 7055 | 7141 | 107 | -99 | 107 | 0 | | | 124 | | | | | |
2006/11/6 | 7156 | 7045 | 7115 | -23 | 10 | 0 | 10 | | | 111 | | | | | |
2006/11/7 | 7211 | 7163 | 7183 | 55 | -118 | 55 | 0 | 24.571 | 9.714 | 96 | 76.000 | 32.33 | 12.78 | 43.333 | |
2006/11/8 | 7190 | 7154 | 7156 | -21 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 22.816 | 9.663 | 36 | 73.143 | 31.19 | 13.21 | 40.496 | |
2006/11/9 | 7232 | 7110 | 7128 | 42 | 44 | 0 | 44 | 21.187 | 12.116 | 122 | 76.633 | 27.65 | 15.81 | 27.237 | |
2006/11/10 | 7164 | 7102 | 7162 | -68 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 19.673 | 11.822 | 62 | 75.587 | 26.03 | 15.64 | 24.929 | |
2006/11/13 | 7178 | 7110 | 7132 | 14 | -8 | 14 | 0 | 19.268 | 10.977 | 68 | 75.046 | 25.68 | 14.63 | 27.411 | |
2006/11/14 | 7212 | 7162 | 7206 | 34 | -52 | 34 | 0 | 20.320 | 10.193 | 80 | 75.399 | 26.95 | 13.52 | 33.188 | |
2006/11/15 | 7266 | 7216 | 7247 | 54 | -54 | 54 | 0 | 22.726 | 9.465 | 60 | 74.299 | 30.59 | 12.74 | 41.194 | |
2006/11/16 | 7270 | 7231 | 7248 | 4 | -15 | 4 | 0 | 21.388 | 8.789 | 39 | 71.778 | 29.80 | 12.24 | 41.750 | |
2006/11/17 | 7274 | 7238 | 7257 | 4 | -7 | 4 | 0 | 20.146 | 8.161 | 36 | 69.222 | 29.10 | 11.79 | 42.338 | |
2006/11/20 | 7248 | 7205 | 7220 | -26 | 33 | 0 | 33 | 18.707 | 9.936 | 52 | 67.992 | 27.51 | 14.61 | 30.625 | |
2006/11/21 | 7311 | 7226 | 7306 | 63 | -21 | 63 | 0 | 21.871 | 9.226 | 91 | 69.636 | 31.41 | 13.25 | 40.664 | |
2006/11/22 | 7345 | 7297 | 7343 | 34 | -71 | 34 | 0 | 22.737 | 8.567 | 48 | 68.090 | 33.39 | 12.58 | 45.267 | |
2006/11/23 | 7427 | 7337 | 7394 | 82 | -40 | 82 | 0 | 26.971 | 7.955 | 90 | 69.655 | 38.72 | 11.42 | 54.446 | |
2006/11/24 | 7437 | 7363 | 7433 | 10 | -26 | 10 | 0 | 25.758 | 7.387 | 74 | 69.966 | 36.82 | 10.56 | 55.428 | 39.16 |
2006/11/27 | 7515 | 7451 | 7510 | 78 | -88 | 78 | 0 | 29.490 | 6.859 | 82 | 70.825 | 41.64 | 9.68 | 62.260 | 40.81 |
2006/11/28 | 7475 | 7435 | 7454 | -40 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 27.383 | 7.512 | 75 | 71.123 | 38.50 | 10.56 | 56.945 | 41.97 |
2006/11/29 | 7498 | 7395 | 7465 | 23 | 40 | 0 | 40 | 25.428 | 9.833 | 103 | 73.400 | 34.64 | 13.40 | 44.228 | 42.13 |
2006/11/30 | 7553 | 7475 | 7542 | 55 | -80 | 55 | 0 | 27.540 | 9.130 | 88 | 74.443 | 36.99 | 12.26 | 50.203 | 42.70 |
2006/12/1 | 7626 | 7537 | 7612 | 73 | -62 | 73 | 0 | 30.787 | 8.478 | 89 | 75.483 | 40.79 | 11.23 | 56.816 | 43.71 |
2006/12/4 | 7674 | 7585 | 7658 | 48 | -48 | 48 | 0 | 32.016 | 7.873 | 89 | 76.448 | 41.88 | 10.30 | 60.528 | 44.91 |
2006/12/5 | 7704 | 7565 | 7610 | 30 | 20 | 30 | 0 | 31.872 | 7.310 | 139 | 80.916 | 39.39 | 9.03 | 62.686 | 46.18 |
2006/12/6 | 7714 | 7610 | 7714 | 10 | -45 | 10 | 0 | 30.310 | 6.788 | 104 | 82.565 | 36.71 | 8.22 | 63.405 | 47.41 |
2006/12/7 | 7738 | 7672 | 7698 | 24 | -62 | 24 | 0 | 29.859 | 6.303 | 66 | 81.382 | 36.69 | 7.75 | 65.140 | 48.68 |
2006/12/8 | 7679 | 7598 | 7633 | -59 | 74 | 0 | 74 | 27.727 | 11.139 | 100 | 82.712 | 33.52 | 13.47 | 42.681 | 48.25 |
2006/12/11 | 7639 | 7575 | 7614 | -40 | 23 | 0 | 23 | 25.746 | 11.986 | 64 | 81.375 | 31.64 | 14.73 | 36.468 | 47.41 |
2006/12/12 | 7608 | 7454 | 7467 | -31 | 121 | 0 | 121 | 23.907 | 19.773 | 160 | 86.991 | 27.48 | 22.73 | 9.465 | 44.70 |
2006/12/13 | 7500 | 7375 | 7450 | -108 | 79 | 0 | 79 | 22.199 | 24.003 | 125 | 89.706 | 24.75 | 26.76 | 3.904 | 41.79 |
2006/12/14 | 7491 | 7427 | 7478 | -9 | -52 | 0 | 0 | 20.614 | 22.289 | 64 | 87.870 | 23.46 | 25.37 | 3.904 | 39.08 |
2006/12/15 | 7568 | 7525 | 7540 | 77 | -98 | 77 | 0 | 24.641 | 20.697 | 90 | 88.022 | 27.99 | 23.51 | 8.701 | 36.91 |
2006/12/18 | 7668 | 7540 | 7634 | 100 | -15 | 100 | 0 | 30.024 | 19.218 | 128 | 90.878 | 33.04 | 21.15 | 21.944 | 35.84 |
2006/12/19 | 7675 | 7583 | 7593 | 7 | -43 | 7 | 0 | 28.380 | 17.846 | 92 | 90.958 | 31.20 | 19.62 | 22.788 | 34.91 |
2006/12/20 | 7678 | 7602 | 7662 | 3 | -19 | 3 | 0 | 26.567 | 16.571 | 85 | 90.532 | 29.35 | 18.30 | 23.172 | 34.07 |
2006/12/21 | 7710 | 7617 | 7642 | 32 | -15 | 32 | 0 | 26.955 | 15.387 | 93 | 90.709 | 29.72 | 16.96 | 27.319 | 33.59 |
2006/12/22 | 7692 | 7625 | 7692 | -18 | -8 | 0 | 0 | 25.029 | 14.288 | 67 | 89.015 | 28.12 | 16.05 | 27.319 | 33.14 |
2006/12/25 | 7698 | 7656 | 7679 | 6 | -31 | 6 | 0 | 23.670 | 13.268 | 42 | 85.657 | 27.63 | 15.49 | 28.163 | 32.78 |
2006/12/26 | 7802 | 7674 | 7789 | 104 | -18 | 104 | 0 | 29.408 | 12.320 | 128 | 88.681 | 33.16 | 13.89 | 40.951 | 33.37 |
2006/12/27 | 7845 | 7778 | 7795 | 43 | -104 | 43 | 0 | 30.379 | 11.440 | 67 | 87.133 | 34.87 | 13.13 | 45.288 | 34.22 |
2006/12/28 | 7840 | 7746 | 7800 | -5 | 32 | 0 | 32 | 28.209 | 12.908 | 94 | 87.623 | 32.19 | 14.73 | 37.212 | 34.43 |
2006/12/29 | 7888 | 7793 | 7880 | 48 | -47 | 48 | 0 | 29.623 | 11.986 | 95 | 88.150 | 33.60 | 13.60 | 42.385 | 35.00 |
2007/1/2 | 7992 | 7880 | 7988 | 104 | -87 | 104 | 0 | 34.935 | 11.130 | 112 | 89.854 | 38.88 | 12.39 | 51.676 | 36.19 |
2007/1/3 | 8035 | 7953 | 7989 | 43 | -73 | 43 | 0 | 35.511 | 10.335 | 82 | 89.293 | 39.77 | 11.57 | 54.914 | 37.53 |
2007/1/4 | 7996 | 7936 | 7976 | -39 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 32.975 | 10.811 | 60 | 87.200 | 37.81 | 12.40 | 50.618 | 38.46 |
2007/1/5 | 7989 | 7828 | 7830 | -7 | 108 | 0 | 108 | 30.619 | 17.753 | 161 | 92.472 | 33.11 | 19.20 | 26.598 | 37.62 |
2007/1/8 | 7808 | 7726 | 7736 | -181 | 102 | 0 | 102 | 28.432 | 23.771 | 104 | 93.295 | 30.48 | 25.48 | 8.929 | 35.57 |
2007/1/9 | 7835 | 7750 | 7822 | 27 | -24 | 27 | 0 | 28.330 | 22.073 | 99 | 93.703 | 30.23 | 23.56 | 12.414 | 33.91 |
2007/1/10 | 7761 | 7670 | 7693 | -74 | 80 | 0 | 80 | 26.306 | 26.211 | 152 | 97.867 | 26.88 | 26.78 | 0.182 | 31.50 |
2007/1/11 | 7738 | 7594 | 7626 | -23 | 76 | 0 | 76 | 24.427 | 29.767 | 144 | 101.162 | 24.15 | 29.43 | 9.853 | 29.96 |
2007/1/12 | 7795 | 7687 | 7786 | 57 | -93 | 57 | 0 | 26.754 | 27.641 | 169 | 106.008 | 25.24 | 26.07 | 1.630 | 27.93 |
2007/1/15 | 7833 | 7746 | 7804 | 38 | -59 | 38 | 0 | 27.557 | 25.666 | 87 | 104.650 | 26.33 | 24.53 | 3.553 | 26.19 |
2007/1/16 | 7847 | 7785 | 7815 | 14 | -39 | 14 | 0 | 26.589 | 23.833 | 62 | 101.604 | 26.17 | 23.46 | 5.465 | 24.71 |
2007/1/17 | 7856 | 7711 | 7835 | 9 | 74 | 0 | 74 | 24.690 | 27.417 | 145 | 104.703 | 23.58 | 26.18 | 5.233 | 23.32 |
2007/1/18 | 7930 | 7840 | 7922 | 74 | -129 | 74 | 0 | 28.212 | 25.458 | 95 | 104.010 | 27.12 | 24.48 | 5.131 | 22.02 |
2007/1/19 | 7921 | 7856 | 7862 | -9 | -16 | 0 | 0 | 26.197 | 23.640 | 66 | 101.295 | 25.86 | 23.34 | 5.131 | 20.82 |
2007/1/22 | 7903 | 7780 | 7885 | -18 | 76 | 0 | 76 | 24.326 | 27.380 | 123 | 102.846 | 23.65 | 26.62 | 5.907 | 19.75 |
2007/1/23 | 7892 | 7826 | 7885 | -11 | -46 | 0 | 0 | 22.588 | 25.424 | 66 | 100.214 | 22.54 | 25.37 | 5.907 | 18.76 |
2007/1/24 | 7996 | 7954 | 7993 | 104 | -128 | 104 | 0 | 28.403 | 23.608 | 111 | 100.984 | 28.13 | 23.38 | 9.219 | 18.08 |
2007/1/25 | 8033 | 7960 | 7975 | 37 | -6 | 37 | 0 | 29.017 | 21.922 | 73 | 98.985 | 29.31 | 22.15 | 13.929 | 17.78 |
2007/1/26 | 7915 | 7811 | 7837 | -118 | 149 | 0 | 149 | 26.945 | 30.999 | 164 | 103.629 | 26.00 | 29.91 | 6.997 | 17.01 |
2007/1/29 | 7857 | 7756 | 7787 | -58 | 55 | 0 | 55 | 25.020 | 32.713 | 101 | 103.441 | 24.19 | 31.62 | 13.325 | 16.75 |
2007/1/30 | 7807 | 7752 | 7769 | -50 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 23.233 | 30.662 | 55 | 99.981 | 23.24 | 30.67 | 13.785 | 16.54 |
2007/1/31 | 7793 | 7638 | 7734 | -14 | 114 | 0 | 114 | 21.573 | 36.615 | 155 | 103.911 | 20.76 | 35.24 | 25.850 | 17.20 |
2007/2/1 | 7786 | 7692 | 7740 | -7 | -54 | 0 | 0 | 20.032 | 34.000 | 94 | 103.203 | 19.41 | 32.94 | 25.850 | 17.82 |
2007/2/2 | 7839 | 7781 | 7810 | 53 | -89 | 53 | 0 | 22.387 | 31.571 | 99 | 102.903 | 21.76 | 30.68 | 17.020 | 17.76 |
2007/2/5 | 7836 | 7760 | 7779 | -3 | 21 | 0 | 21 | 20.788 | 30.816 | 76 | 100.981 | 20.59 | 30.52 | 19.432 | 17.88 |
2007/2/6 | 7896 | 7791 | 7889 | 60 | -31 | 60 | 0 | 23.589 | 28.615 | 117 | 102.126 | 23.10 | 28.02 | 9.627 | 17.29 |
2007/2/7 | 7899 | 7860 | 7868 | 3 | -69 | 3 | 0 | 22.118 | 26.571 | 39 | 97.617 | 22.66 | 27.22 | 9.145 | 16.71 |
2007/2/8 | 7907 | 7803 | 7870 | 8 | 57 | 0 | 57 | 20.538 | 28.744 | 104 | 98.073 | 20.94 | 29.31 | 16.651 | 16.71 |
2007/2/9 | 7925 | 7845 | 7884 | 18 | -42 | 18 | 0 | 20.357 | 26.691 | 80 | 96.782 | 21.03 | 27.58 | 13.463 | 16.47 |
2007/2/12 | 7844 | 7784 | 7792 | -81 | 61 | 0 | 61 | 18.903 | 29.142 | 100 | 97.012 | 19.49 | 30.04 | 21.311 | 16.82 |
2007/2/13 | 7830 | 7742 | 7743 | -14 | 42 | 0 | 42 | 17.553 | 30.060 | 88 | 96.368 | 18.21 | 31.19 | 26.269 | 17.50 |
2007/2/14 | 7841 | 7776 | 7833 | 11 | -34 | 11 | 0 | 17.085 | 27.913 | 98 | 96.484 | 17.71 | 28.93 | 24.064 | 17.96 |
2007/2/26 | 7945 | 7899 | 7899 | 104 | -123 | 104 | 0 | 23.293 | 25.919 | 112 | 97.593 | 23.87 | 26.56 | 5.337 | 17.06 |
2007/2/27 | 7970 | 7911 | 7925 | 25 | -12 | 25 | 0 | 23.415 | 24.068 | 71 | 95.693 | 24.47 | 25.15 | 1.375 | 15.94 |
2007/3/1 | 7771 | 7652 | 7660 | -199 | 259 | 0 | 259 | 21.742 | 40.849 | 273 | 108.358 | 20.07 | 37.70 | 30.526 | 16.98 |
2007/3/2 | 7694 | 7611 | 7668 | -77 | 41 | 0 | 41 | 20.189 | 40.860 | 83 | 106.547 | 18.95 | 38.35 | 33.858 | 18.19 |
2007/3/3 | 7640 | 7556 | 7589 | -54 | 55 | 0 | 55 | 18.747 | 41.870 | 112 | 106.936 | 17.53 | 39.15 | 38.145 | 19.61 |
2007/3/5 | 7548 | 7270 | 7285 | -92 | 286 | 0 | 286 | 17.408 | 59.308 | 319 | 122.084 | 14.26 | 48.58 | 54.616 | 22.11 |
2007/3/6 | 7425 | 7320 | 7409 | -123 | -50 | 0 | 0 | 16.165 | 55.071 | 140 | 123.363 | 13.10 | 44.64 | 54.616 | 24.44 |
2007/3/7 | 7469 | 7383 | 7427 | 44 | -63 | 44 | 0 | 18.153 | 51.138 | 86 | 120.695 | 15.04 | 42.37 | 47.603 | 26.09 |
2007/3/8 | 7534 | 7417 | 7523 | 65 | -34 | 65 | 0 | 21.499 | 47.485 | 117 | 120.431 | 17.85 | 39.43 | 37.669 | 26.92 |
2007/3/9 | 7566 | 7492 | 7517 | 32 | -75 | 32 | 0 | 22.249 | 44.093 | 74 | 117.114 | 19.00 | 37.65 | 32.926 | 27.35 |
2007/3/12 | 7595 | 7541 | 7595 | 29 | -49 | 29 | 0 | 22.731 | 40.944 | 78 | 114.320 | 19.88 | 35.81 | 28.602 | 27.44 |
2007/3/13 | 7643 | 7581 | 7624 | 48 | -40 | 48 | 0 | 24.536 | 38.019 | 62 | 110.583 | 22.19 | 34.38 | 21.553 | 27.02 |
2007/3/14 | 7518 | 7435 | 7469 | -125 | 146 | 0 | 146 | 22.784 | 45.732 | 189 | 116.184 | 19.61 | 39.36 | 33.493 | 27.48 |
2007/3/15 | 7677 | 7530 | 7652 | 159 | -95 | 159 | 0 | 32.513 | 42.465 | 208 | 122.743 | 26.49 | 34.60 | 13.273 | 26.46 |
2007/3/16 | 7724 | 7580 | 7666 | 47 | -50 | 47 | 0 | 33.548 | 39.432 | 144 | 124.261 | 27.00 | 31.73 | 8.062 | 25.15 |